in the shop, I noticed that the coffee grinds have many different settings, how do all these different coffee maker work? I understand that using a one-way valve to the pomp of coffee up a vertical pipe so the hot water then drops into the coffee grounds but it is the only one I know. Tack.men how these machines work? How can coffee be the second since the dripping water over the grounds?

Fine grind is for espresso use an Espresso Machine
Medium grind is for drip use an Automatic Drip Machine
Course grind is for French Press, Plunger Pot such as Bodum
There are a lot of steps specific to each method & there are many methods.
The links give in-depth step-by-step instructions for some of the ways I use to brew my coffee/espresso. Each gives a different taste/texture & many people have a favorite, but I love changing it up.